Voltage Stability Enhancement in Power Systems Using PSO-Based Tuning of AVR and PSS Parameters

Authors

  • Ali Mushref Abdullah Rector's Assistant Office for Scientific Affairs, AL-Iraqia University, Baghdad, Iraq

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31185/wjes.Vol14.Iss2.814

Keywords:

Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), AVR, Eigenvalue Analysis, Voltage Stability, Power System Stabilizer (PSS).

Abstract

This study introduces a coordinated tuning method for Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) and Power System Stabilizer (PSS) parameters based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), applied to the IEEE-39 Bus New England test system. The aim is to strengthen both transient and small-signal stability when the system is exposed to severe disturbances. The evaluation was carried out through time-domain simulations in MATLAB/Simulink, considering three operating cases: without a stabilizer, with a conventional PSS, and with a PSO-tuned PSS. The proposed optimization yielded clear improvements by lowering overshoot, enhancing damping ratios, and reducing the settling time to less than two seconds. Eigenvalue analysis further supported these findings by showing that the dominant modes shifted toward the left half-plane, indicating more secure stability margins. In comparison with conventional approaches reported in earlier studies, the PSO-based tuning demonstrated greater effectiveness and robustness for large-scale interconnected power networks.

References

[1] R. Ramya, K. Selvi, M. V. Suganyadevi, and S. Usha, “Small-signal stability enhancement of WSCC system using PSO-based PSS,” Franklin Open, vol. 12, p. 100321, 2025, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fraope.2025.100321.

[2] M. S. D. Salman, A. J. Sultan, and M. F. Bonneya, “Power system voltage stability improvement: A review,” AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 3232, p. 050031, Oct. 2024, https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0236433.

[3] H. Verdejo, V. Pino, W. Kliemann, C. Becker, and J. Delpiano, “Implementation of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) Algorithm for Tuning of Power System Stabilizers in Multimachine Electric Power Systems,” Energies, vol. 13, no. 8, p. 2093, 2020, https://doi.org/10.3390/en13082093.

[4] I. Hattabi, A. H. El-Hajjaji, O. Abdelkhalek, M. Cherkaoui, and A. Bennouna, “Enhanced power system stabilizer tuning using Marine Predator Algorithm with comparative analysis and real-time validation,” Scientific Reports, vol. 14, p. 28971, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-80154-2.

[5] M. R. Islam, “Power system stability enhancement through optimal PSS design,” e-Prime – Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy, vol. 9, p. 100735, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prime.2024.100735.

[6] B. Tamang, K. K. Mehta, and B. Subudhi, “Coordination of power system stabilizers using scenario-based optimization in IEEE-39 bus system,” IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, vol. 17, no. 10, pp. 2032–2045, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.13044.

[7] S. Latif, S. H. E. Abdel Aleem, A. F. Zobaa, and H. K. Temraz, “Intelligent Design of Multi-Machine Power System Stabilizers (PSSs) Using Improved Particle Swarm Optimization,” Electronics, vol. 11, no. 6, p. 946, 2022, https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11060946.

[8] Z. Sun, Y. Liu, and J. Yang, “A Grey Wolf Optimizer algorithm based fuzzy logic power system stabilizer for single machine infinite bus system,” Energy Reports, vol. 9, pp. 847-853, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2023.04.365.

[9] M. Ahmadi Kamarposhti and M. Alinezhad, “Optimal Coordination of TCSC and PSS2B Controllers In Electric Power Systems Using MOPSO Multiobjective Algorithm,” International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems, vol. 2022, p. 5233620, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5233620.

[10] M. E. C. Bento, S. Machado, and H. G. Martins, “PMU-Based Power System Stabilizer Design Using Coati Optimization Algorithm,” IFAC-Papers OnLine, vol. 58, no. 13, pp. 650-655, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2024.07.556.

[11] D. Lauria, F. Mottola, G. M. Giannuzzi, C. Pisani, and S. Tessitore, “Power systems stabilizers online tuning based upon parameters dynamic estimation,” Sustainable Energy, Grids and Networks, vol. 39, p.101481, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.segan.2024.101481.

[12] M. Izdebski, A. Nocoń, and K. Wilkosz, “New performance indices for power system stabilizers,” Energies, vol. 15, no. 24, p. 9582, 2022, https://doi.org/10.3390/en15249582.

[13] A. Nocoń and S. Paszek, “A Comprehensive Review of Power System Stabilizers ,” Energies, vol. 16, no. 4, p. 1945, 2023, https://doi.org/10.3390/en16041945.

[14] M. Bernal-Sancho, A. P. C. Gonçalves da Silva, and R. Ortega, “Damping control in renewable-integrated power systems: A comparative analysis of PSS, POD-P, and POD-Q strategies,” International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 162, p. 110308, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2024.110308.

[15] Y. Liu and X. Li, “Adaptive Differential Evolution with the Stagnation Termination Mechanism,” Mathematics, vol. 12, no. 20, p. 3168, 2024, https://doi.org/10.3390/math12203168.

[16] D. Tarekegn, “A review on convergence analysis of particle swarm optimization,” International Journal of Swarm Intelligence Research, vol. 14, no. 1, p. 328092, 2023, https://doi.org/10.4018/IJSIR.328092.

[17] H. Quan, W. Wang, S. Zhang, and Y. Zou, “Probabilistic assessment method of small-signal stability in power systems based on quantitative PSS analysis, ” Applied Energy, vol. 375, p. 124119, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124119.

[18] J.-J. Kim and J.-H. Park, “A novel structure of a power system stabilizer for microgrids, ” Energies, vol. 14, no. 4, p. 905, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3390/en14040905.

[19] A. A. Hafez, A. M. Hatata, and A. Y. Abdelaziz, “Multi-objective particle swarm for optimal load shedding remedy strategies of power system,” Electric Power Components and Systems, vol. 47, no. 16–17, pp. 1545–1557, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1080/15325008.2019.1689454.

[20] Y. Lin, G.-S. Seo, S. Vijayshankar, B. Johnson, and S. Dhople, “Impact of increased inverter penetration on power system small-signal stability: IEEE 39-bus test case study, ” in Proc. IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM), Denver, CO, USA, Jul. 2021, pp. 1–5.

[21] M. R. Islam, Md. S. Azam, Md. S. Hossen, M. S. Islam, M. Y. Worku, M. S. Shahriar, et al., “Power system stability enhancement through optimal PSS design, ” e-Prime – Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy, vol. 9, pp. 13247–13262, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prime.2024.100735.

[22] Y. Peng, J. Wang, and L. Liu, “The ping-pang variable amplitude limiter used in the coordinated controller of a hybrid reactive power compensation system, ” Energy Reports, vol. 9, pp. 3531–3543, 2023.

[23] E. V. Fortes, D. C. Silva, and F. O. Resende, “Mayfly Optimization Algorithm Applied to the Design of PSS and SSSC-POD Controllers for Damping Low-Frequency Oscillations in Power Systems,” International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems, vol. 2022, p. 5612334, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5612334.

[24] Sahu, P. R., Hota, P. K., Panda, S., Lenka, R. K., Padmanaban, S., & Blaabjerg, F. (2021). Coordinated Design of FACTS Controller with PSS for Stability Enhancement Using a Novel Hybrid Whale Optimization Algorithm – Nelder Mead Approach. Electric Power Components and Systems, 49(16–17), 1363–1378. https://doi.org/10.1080/15325008.2022.2129860.

[25] B. Dasu, K. P. R. Rao, and N. T. Sudhakar, “Small-signal stability enhancement of a large-scale power system using whale optimization-based multi-band PSS, ” Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems, vol. 6, p. 36, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1186/s41601-021-00215-w.

[26] A. Sabo, M. Y. N. Kumar, and R. C. Bansal, “Optimal design of power system stabilizer for multimachine power system using farmland fertility algorithm, ” International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems, vol. 30, no. 12, p. e12657, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1002/2050-7038.12657.

[27] D. Chitara, P. K. Singhal, S. L. Surana, G. Sharma, and R. C. Bansal, “Robust multi-machine power system stabilizer design using bio-inspired meta-heuristics, ” International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 155, p. 109615, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2023.109615.

[28] H. Abubakr, A. A. E. Abdalla, and A. Abu-Siada, “The concept of direct adaptive control for improving voltage and frequency regulation loops in several power system applications, ” International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 140, p. 107935, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108068.

Downloads

Published

2026-06-01

Issue

Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026): Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences

Section

Electrical Engineering

License

Copyright (c) 2026 Ali Mushref Abdullah

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

Ali Mushref Abdullah. (2026). Voltage Stability Enhancement in Power Systems Using PSO-Based Tuning of AVR and PSS Parameters. Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences, 14(2), 139-151. https://doi.org/10.31185/wjes.Vol14.Iss2.814